package io.jstach.rainbowgum;

import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.lang.System.Logger.Level;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

import io.jstach.rainbowgum.annotation.EnumAlias;

/**
 * Alerts (sometimes called errors or status events elsewhere) are for reporting problems
 * with the logging system itself rather than application logging - for example an
 * appender failing to write, or an async publisher's queue overflowing. Because logging
 * itself may be broken these are not routed through the normal {@link LogRouter} but are
 * instead kept in a small in memory ring buffer (see {@link #dump()} and
 * {@link #stats()}). Warning and error alerts are also reported immediately (currently to
 * stderr); informational alerts remain available for diagnostics without producing output
 * by default.
 * <p>
 * An instance is available from every {@link LogConfig#alerts()}. Components that are
 * {@linkplain LogProvider provided} config, or that are
 * {@linkplain LogLifecycle#start( LogConfig) started} with config, should prefer
 * capturing {@code config.alerts()} over reaching for global state.
 * <p>
 * {@link LogAlerts} is itself a {@link LogLifecycle}: {@link #start(LogConfig)} is called
 * exactly once, after every
 * {@link io.jstach.rainbowgum.spi.RainbowGumServiceProvider.Configurator} has run, and is
 * where {@link UnobservedErrorsAction} (already resolved at construction, same as
 * capacity) gets applied against whatever has been recorded by then - see that enum for
 * what "nobody is listening yet" means and why it matters specifically at that moment
 * rather than for the life of the process.
 *
 * @see LogConfig#alerts()
 */
public sealed interface LogAlerts extends LogLifecycle permits DefaultLogAlerts, SwappableLogAlerts {

        /**
         * Default capacity of the alert ring buffer.
         */
        static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 512;

        /**
         * Records an alert.
         * @param event event describing the alert.
         */
        public void alert(LogEvent event);

        /**
         * Records an alert.
         * @param loggerName usually the class where the alert originated.
         * @param throwable cause of the alert.
         */
        default void error(Class<?> loggerName, Throwable throwable) {
                String m = Objects.requireNonNullElse(throwable.getMessage(), "exception");
                error(loggerName, m, throwable);
        }

        /**
         * Records an alert.
         * @param loggerName usually the class where the alert originated.
         * @param message alert message.
         * @param throwable cause of the alert.
         */
        default void error(Class<?> loggerName, String message, Throwable throwable) {
                alert(event(loggerName, Level.ERROR, message, throwable));
        }

        /**
         * Records a warning alert.
         * @param loggerName usually the class where the alert originated.
         * @param message alert message.
         */
        default void warn(Class<?> loggerName, String message) {
                alert(event(loggerName, Level.WARNING, message, null));
        }

        /**
         * Records an informational alert.
         * @param loggerName usually the class where the alert originated.
         * @param message alert message.
         */
        default void info(Class<?> loggerName, String message) {
                alert(event(loggerName, Level.INFO, message, null));
        }

        private static LogEvent event(Class<?> loggerName, Level level, String message, @Nullable Throwable throwable) {
                var currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
                return LogEvent.of(Instant.now(), currentThread.getName(), currentThread.threadId(), level,
                                loggerName.getName(), message, KeyValues.of(), throwable);
        }

        /**
         * A snapshot of the alerts currently held in the ring buffer, oldest first. Alerts
         * are evicted oldest first once the buffer is at {@link Stats#capacity()}.
         * @return immutable snapshot.
         */
        public List<LogEvent> dump();

        /**
         * Clears the ring buffer. Does not reset {@link Stats#total()} - like a
         * Prometheus/Micrometer counter, that is meant to be monotonically increasing for the
         * life of the process; a downstream metrics system computes rate of change rather
         * than relying on the counter itself being reset. Clearing diagnostics does not undo
         * an alert that fails startup under {@link FailLevel}.
         */
        public void clear();

        /**
         * Stats about the alerts recorded so far.
         * @return stats.
         */
        public Stats stats();

        /**
         * Registers a listener that is notified synchronously, in addition to the alert being
         * recorded in the ring buffer, every time {@link #alert(LogEvent)} is called.
         * <p>
         * <strong>Listeners are held with a normal (strong) reference and are not
         * automatically removed.</strong> This is deliberate: alert listeners are expected to
         * be few and long lived - typically registered once (e.g. a metrics bridge or an
         * ops/paging integration) for as long as the owning {@link LogConfig} is - rather
         * than one per short lived object. A weak reference would risk silently dropping a
         * listener (a lambda with no other strong reference could be collected almost
         * immediately) which is the wrong failure mode for something whose entire job is not
         * losing alerts. Call {@link AutoCloseable#close()} on the returned registration to
         * unregister deterministically once the caller's own lifecycle ends.
         * @param listener listener to register.
         * @return registration; {@link AutoCloseable#close()} unregisters the listener.
         */
        public AutoCloseable addListener(Listener listener);

        /**
         * Notified of alerts as they happen. See {@link #addListener(Listener)}.
         */
        @FunctionalInterface
        interface Listener {

                /**
                 * Called synchronously every time an alert is recorded. Should not throw -
                 * exceptions are caught and reported separately so a broken listener cannot
                 * disrupt alert recording or other listeners.
                 * @param event the alert.
                 */
                void onAlert(LogEvent event);

        }

        /**
         * Stats about alerts recorded.
         *
         * @param total total number of alerts ever recorded, including ones since evicted
         * from the ring buffer.
         * @param size number of alerts currently held in the ring buffer.
         * @param capacity maximum number of alerts the ring buffer holds.
         */
        record Stats(long total, int size, int capacity) {
        }

        /**
         * What building LogConfig and starting Rainbow Gum do with alerts recorded while
         * starting, set by {@value LogProperties#ALERTS_FAIL_PROPERTY}. Checked once when
         * {@link LogConfig} is built and once right after Rainbow Gum starts; alerts after
         * that never fail anything. Evicting or clearing an alert from the diagnostic queue
         * does not prevent it from failing startup.
         */
        enum FailLevel {

                /**
                 * Default. Alerts never fail startup.
                 */
                @EnumAlias("false")
                OFF,
                /**
                 * Fail if an error alert is recorded while starting.
                 */
                ERROR,
                /**
                 * Fail if a warning or error alert is recorded while starting.
                 */
                @EnumAlias({ "true", "warn" })
                WARNING;

                static FailLevel parse(String value) {
                        return switch (value.toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT)) {
                                case "true", "warn" -> WARNING;
                                case "false" -> OFF;
                                default -> LogProperty.enumValue(FailLevel.class, value, "true", "false", "warn");
                        };
                }

                boolean fails(Level level) {
                        return switch (this) {
                                case OFF -> false;
                                case ERROR -> level == Level.ERROR;
                                case WARNING -> level == Level.ERROR || level == Level.WARNING;
                        };
                }

        }

        /**
         * The alert level for a property key that was set but not read while starting, set by
         * {@value LogProperties#ALERTS_UNUSED_KEY_PROPERTY}. Keys are only checked in the
         * debug modes that report them and when {@value LogProperties#ALERTS_FAIL_PROPERTY}
         * would fail on them.
         */
        enum UnusedKeyLevel {

                /**
                 * Default. A key close to a key that was read is a warning with a suggestion, and
                 * any other unread key is information, since it may be for a component type that
                 * was not chosen.
                 */
                INFO,
                /**
                 * Every unread key is a warning, so {@code logging.alerts.fail=warning} fails on
                 * any of them.
                 */
                @EnumAlias("warn")
                WARNING,
                /**
                 * Every unread key is an error, so {@code logging.alerts.fail=error} fails on any
                 * of them.
                 */
                ERROR;

                static UnusedKeyLevel parse(String value) {
                        return switch (value.toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ROOT)) {
                                case "warn" -> WARNING;
                                default -> LogProperty.enumValue(UnusedKeyLevel.class, value, "warn");
                        };
                }

                Level level(boolean suggested) {
                        return switch (this) {
                                case INFO -> suggested ? Level.WARNING : Level.INFO;
                                case WARNING -> Level.WARNING;
                                case ERROR -> Level.ERROR;
                        };
                }

        }

        /**
         * What {@link #start(LogConfig)} does if, at that moment, at least one error alert
         * has been recorded and still zero {@link Listener}s are registered - the situation
         * Logback's {@code StatusManager} calls an unobserved status: nothing is watching, so
         * whatever went wrong during property loading or a
         * {@link io.jstach.rainbowgum.spi.RainbowGumServiceProvider.Configurator} would
         * otherwise only ever have reached the individual, easy to miss stderr lines each
         * {@link #alert(LogEvent)} call already produces.
         * <p>
         * Deliberately keyed as
         * {@value LogProperties#ALERTS_UNOBSERVED_ERRORS_ACTION_PROPERTY} (an enum, not a
         * boolean) since "fail" without "dump" first would throw away the only diagnostic
         * evidence of why it failed.
         */
        enum UnobservedErrorsAction {

                /**
                 * Do nothing beyond the immediate reporting of warning and error events.
                 */
                NONE,
                /**
                 * Default. Report the whole backlog to {@code MetaLog} as one clearly labeled
                 * block, the same way Logback auto-installs a console listener and prints its
                 * accumulated status if nothing else is watching by the end of configuration -
                 * RainbowGum still starts.
                 */
                DUMP,
                /**
                 * Same reporting as {@link #DUMP}, but then throws, so
                 * {@link LogConfig.Builder#build()} (and therefore whatever is building a
                 * {@link RainbowGum} from it) never completes. Goes further than Logback ever
                 * does - an explicit, opt-in choice of integrity over resilience for deployments
                 * where a silently-broken bootstrap is worse than refusing to start.
                 */
                FAIL;

                static UnobservedErrorsAction parse(String value) {
                        return LogProperty.enumValue(UnobservedErrorsAction.class, value);
                }

        }

}

/*
 * Handed to PropertiesProviders. Buffers alerts until the configured LogAlerts exists,
 * then drainTo replays the buffer into it and forwards every later call, so a provider
 * may keep this instance and alert after provideProperties returns. Replay and swap
 * happen under one lock so a concurrent alert is neither lost nor reordered. Listener
 * registration is never supported: providers record alerts but cannot observe them.
 */
final class SwappableLogAlerts implements LogAlerts {

        private final List<LogEvent> events = new ArrayList<>();

        private long total;

        private volatile @Nullable LogAlerts delegate;

        @Override
        public void alert(LogEvent event) {
                var d = delegate;
                if (d == null) {
                        synchronized (this) {
                                d = delegate;
                                if (d == null) {
                                        events.add(event.freeze());
                                        total++;
                                        return;
                                }
                        }
                }
                d.alert(event);
        }

        synchronized void drainTo(LogAlerts target) {
                if (delegate != null) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Alerts have already been drained");
                }
                for (var event : events) {
                        target.alert(event);
                }
                events.clear();
                delegate = target;
        }

        @Override
        public synchronized List<LogEvent> dump() {
                var d = delegate;
                return d != null ? d.dump() : List.copyOf(events);
        }

        @Override
        public synchronized void clear() {
                var d = delegate;
                if (d != null) {
                        d.clear();
                }
                else {
                        events.clear();
                }
        }

        @Override
        public synchronized Stats stats() {
                var d = delegate;
                return d != null ? d.stats() : new Stats(total, events.size(), Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        }

        @Override
        public AutoCloseable addListener(Listener listener) {
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Properties providers cannot register alert listeners");
        }

        @Override
        public void start(LogConfig config) {
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Properties provider alerts cannot be started");
        }

        @Override
        public synchronized void close() {
                // The drained delegate belongs to LogConfig, so only an undrained buffer is
                // dropped.
                if (delegate == null) {
                        events.clear();
                }
        }

}

final class DefaultLogAlerts implements LogAlerts {

        private final LogEvent[] ring;

        private int start = 0;

        private int size = 0;

        private final AtomicLong total = new AtomicLong();

        private final AtomicLong errors = new AtomicLong();

        private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

        private final CopyOnWriteArrayList<Listener> listeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

        /*
         * Kept apart from listeners.isEmpty() deliberately: DefaultLogConfig's own
         * metrics-bridge listener (see its constructor) is always registered before
         * start(...) ever runs, and a passive in-process counter nobody has wired an exporter
         * to is not "someone is watching" in the sense UnobservedErrorsAction cares about -
         * only a real addListener(Listener) call (this class's public API) flips this.
         */
        private volatile boolean hasExternalListener = false;

        private final LogEventFactory eventFactory = LogEventFactory.of(DefaultLogAlerts.class.getName());

        /*
         * Resolved once, at construction (same as capacity) rather than inside start(...):
         * unlike capacity this does not shape any constructor-time state, but LogProperties
         * is available just as early, and start(LogConfig) is really about announcing "I have
         * started" (config is there because a few edge cases needed it, not because this
         * needed to be a start-time lookup).
         */
        private final UnobservedErrorsAction unobservedErrorsAction;

        /*
         * Private and deliberately not defensive - of(LogProperties) below is the only
         * caller, and it has already validated both fields (capacity > 0, a resolvable
         * UnobservedErrorsAction) before ever reaching this constructor. Re-checking here
         * would be defensive programming duplicating what was already a real, reported
         * validation failure one call up - see of(...)'s own comment.
         */
        private final FailLevel failLevel;

        /*
         * Names what set the fail level, for the failure message: the property, or
         * logging.debug=help raising it.
         */
        private final String failLevelSource;

        private final UnusedKeyLevel unusedKeyLevel;

        /*
         * Startup failure is independent of the bounded diagnostic queue. Keep the first
         * failure and the count until startup ends, even if clear() or eviction removes it
         * from the queue. All three fields are protected by lock.
         */
        private long startupFailures;

        private @Nullable LogEvent firstStartupFailure;

        private boolean startupComplete;

        private DefaultLogAlerts(int capacity, UnobservedErrorsAction unobservedErrorsAction, FailLevel failLevel,
                        String failLevelSource, UnusedKeyLevel unusedKeyLevel) {
                this.ring = new LogEvent[capacity];
                this.unobservedErrorsAction = unobservedErrorsAction;
                this.failLevel = failLevel;
                this.failLevelSource = failLevelSource;
                this.unusedKeyLevel = unusedKeyLevel;
        }

        FailLevel failLevel() {
                return failLevel;
        }

        UnusedKeyLevel unusedKeyLevel() {
                return unusedKeyLevel;
        }

        /*
         * Checks the startup failure count and lists retained failing alerts, including the
         * first failure even if it left the queue. Called when LogConfig is built and right
         * after Rainbow Gum starts.
         */
        void failIfAlerted(String phase) {
                checkStartup(phase, false);
        }

        void finishStartup() {
                checkStartup("starting", true);
        }

        private void checkStartup(String phase, boolean complete) {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                        if (startupComplete) {
                                return;
                        }
                        startupComplete = complete;
                        var first = firstStartupFailure;
                        if (first == null) {
                                return;
                        }
                        var failing = new ArrayList<>(dump().stream().filter(e -> failLevel.fails(e.level())).toList());
                        if (!failing.contains(first)) {
                                failing.addFirst(first);
                        }
                        var sb = new StringBuilder();
                        sb.append(startupFailures)
                                .append(" alert(s) at ")
                                .append(failLevel.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))
                                .append(" or above were recorded while ")
                                .append(phase)
                                .append(" and ")
                                .append(failLevelSource)
                                .append(":");
                        for (var e : failing) {
                                sb.append("\n[").append(e.level()).append("] ").append(e.message());
                        }
                        if (startupFailures > failing.size()) {
                                sb.append("\n")
                                        .append(startupFailures - failing.size())
                                        .append(" additional failing alert(s) are no longer retained.");
                        }
                        throw new IllegalStateException(sb.toString());
                }
                finally {
                        if (complete) {
                                firstStartupFailure = null;
                        }
                        lock.unlock();
                }
        }

        /*
         * The fail level as resolved from properties, before LogAlerts exists, so LogConfig
         * can decide whether to record property reads. Resolved again, and validated, by
         * of(...).
         */
        static FailLevel failLevelOr(LogProperties properties, FailLevel fallback) {
                var value = properties.valueOrNull(LogProperties.ALERTS_FAIL_PROPERTY);
                try {
                        return value == null ? fallback : FailLevel.parse(value);
                }
                catch (RuntimeException e) {
                        return fallback;
                }
        }

        /*
         * The unused key level as resolved from properties, before LogAlerts exists, like
         * failLevelOr. An invalid value is reported by of(...).
         */
        static UnusedKeyLevel unusedKeyLevelOr(LogProperties properties, UnusedKeyLevel fallback) {
                var value = properties.valueOrNull(LogProperties.ALERTS_UNUSED_KEY_PROPERTY);
                try {
                        return value == null ? fallback : UnusedKeyLevel.parse(value);
                }
                catch (RuntimeException e) {
                        return fallback;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Package-friend static factory: resolves and validates both
         * LogProperties#ALERTS_CAPACITY_PROPERTY and
         * LogProperties#ALERTS_UNOBSERVED_ERRORS_ACTION_PROPERTY against one shared Validator
         * - a mistake in both at once is reported together instead of only the first one
         * found - then constructs. requirePositiveCapacity is a plain int -> int validating
         * transform (not an object construction) specifically so it can sit inside map(...)
         * without tripping CheckerFramework's Initialization Checker, which does not refine a
         * `new Foo(...)` expression back to @Initialized when it appears directly inside a
         * lambda body passed through a generic method like map(...) - the one and only `new
         * DefaultLogAlerts(...)` call stays a plain, unconditional statement here instead.
         */
        static DefaultLogAlerts of(LogProperties properties, FailLevel failLevelFallback,
                        UnusedKeyLevel unusedKeyLevelFallback, boolean help) {
                var validator = LogProperty.Validator.of(LogAlerts.class);
                var failLevelResult = properties.forKey(LogProperties.ALERTS_FAIL_PROPERTY)
                        .ofString()
                        .map(FailLevel::parse)
                        .or(failLevelFallback)
                        .validateIfError(validator);
                var unobservedErrorsActionResult = properties.forKey(LogProperties.ALERTS_UNOBSERVED_ERRORS_ACTION_PROPERTY)
                        .ofString()
                        .map(UnobservedErrorsAction::parse)
                        .or(UnobservedErrorsAction.DUMP)
                        .validateIfError(validator);
                var unusedKeyLevelResult = properties.forKey(LogProperties.ALERTS_UNUSED_KEY_PROPERTY)
                        .ofString()
                        .map(UnusedKeyLevel::parse)
                        .or(unusedKeyLevelFallback)
                        .validateIfError(validator);
                var capacityResult = properties.forKey(LogProperties.ALERTS_CAPACITY_PROPERTY)
                        .ofInt()
                        .or(LogAlerts.DEFAULT_CAPACITY)
                        .map(DefaultLogAlerts::requirePositiveCapacity)
                        .validateIfError(validator);
                validator.validate();
                var failLevel = failLevelResult.value();
                String failLevelSource = LogProperties.ALERTS_FAIL_PROPERTY + "=" + failLevel.name().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
                if (help && failLevel != FailLevel.WARNING) {
                        failLevel = FailLevel.WARNING;
                        failLevelSource = "logging.debug=help";
                }
                return new DefaultLogAlerts(capacityResult.value(), unobservedErrorsActionResult.value(), failLevel,
                                failLevelSource, unusedKeyLevelResult.value());
        }

        private static int requirePositiveCapacity(int capacity) {
                if (capacity <= 0) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("capacity should be greater than 0");
                }
                return capacity;
        }

        @Override
        public void alert(LogEvent event) {
                var frozen = event.freeze();
                total.incrementAndGet();
                if (frozen.level() == Level.ERROR) {
                        errors.incrementAndGet();
                }
                lock.lock();
                try {
                        if (!startupComplete && failLevel.fails(frozen.level())) {
                                startupFailures++;
                                if (firstStartupFailure == null) {
                                        firstStartupFailure = frozen;
                                }
                        }
                        if (size < ring.length) {
                                ring[(start + size) % ring.length] = frozen;
                                size++;
                        }
                        else {
                                ring[start] = frozen;
                                start = (start + 1) % ring.length;
                        }
                }
                finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                }
                for (var listener : listeners) {
                        try {
                                listener.onAlert(frozen);
                        }
                        catch (Exception e) {
                                MetaLog.INSTANCE.log(eventFactory.eventNoArg(Level.ERROR, "LogAlerts.Listener threw", e));
                        }
                }
                if (frozen.level() == Level.WARNING || frozen.level() == Level.ERROR) {
                        MetaLog.INSTANCE.log(frozen);
                }
        }

        @Override
        public AutoCloseable addListener(Listener listener) {
                listeners.add(listener);
                hasExternalListener = true;
                return () -> listeners.remove(listener);
        }

        /*
         * DefaultLogConfig's own metrics-bridge listener goes through this instead of
         * addListener(Listener) - see hasExternalListener's own comment for why.
         */
        void addInternalListener(Listener listener) {
                listeners.add(listener);
        }

        @Override
        public void start(LogConfig config) {
                if (unobservedErrorsAction == UnobservedErrorsAction.NONE || hasExternalListener || errors.get() == 0) {
                        return;
                }
                var backlog = dump();
                MetaLog.error(eventFactory.eventNoArg(Level.ERROR,
                                backlog.size() + " alert(s) were recorded before any LogAlerts.Listener was registered - "
                                                + "dumping the backlog now since nothing else will see it:",
                                null));
                for (var event : backlog) {
                        MetaLog.error(event);
                }
                if (unobservedErrorsAction == UnobservedErrorsAction.FAIL) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException(
                                        backlog.size() + " alert(s) were recorded before any LogAlerts.Listener was registered and "
                                                        + LogProperties.ALERTS_UNOBSERVED_ERRORS_ACTION_PROPERTY + "=FAIL - refusing to start.");
                }
        }

        @Override
        public void close() {
                listeners.clear();
                lock.lock();
                try {
                        startupComplete = true;
                        firstStartupFailure = null;
                }
                finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                }
        }

        @Override
        public List<LogEvent> dump() {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                        List<LogEvent> list = new ArrayList<>(size);
                        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                                var e = ring[(start + i) % ring.length];
                                if (e != null) {
                                        list.add(e);
                                }
                        }
                        return List.copyOf(list);
                }
                finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                }
        }

        @Override
        public void clear() {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                        Arrays.fill(ring, null);
                        start = 0;
                        size = 0;
                }
                finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                }
        }

        @Override
        public Stats stats() {
                lock.lock();
                try {
                        return new Stats(total.get(), size, ring.length);
                }
                finally {
                        lock.unlock();
                }
        }

}

/**
 * Logging about logging. This is the static, always-available entry point used by code
 * that cannot easily reach a {@link LogConfig} (e.g. before a {@link RainbowGum} is
 * bound), and always reports directly (currently to stderr) rather than forwarding to a
 * bound {@link RainbowGum}'s {@link LogConfig#alerts()} - alerts is a small bounded ring
 * buffer meant to hold a curated, recent view of noteworthy logging-system problems, and
 * {@link MetaLog} is used from enough different low level failure paths that routing it
 * there risked flooding/evicting genuine alerts with whatever volume of things end up
 * calling this class.
 * <p>
 * Components that already have (or can easily capture) a {@link LogConfig} - for example
 * via {@link LogProvider} or {@link LogLifecycle#start(LogConfig)} - should prefer
 * {@link LogConfig#alerts()} directly instead of this class.
 *
 * @author agentgt
 */
@SuppressWarnings("ImmutableEnumChecker")
enum MetaLog implements LogEventLogger {

        INSTANCE;

        static Supplier<? extends @Nullable PrintStream> output = () -> System.err;

        private final LogFormatter formatter = LogFormatter.builder() //
                .text("[")
                .level()
                .text("] - RAINBOW_GUM")
                .text(" - ")
                .add(LogFormatter.of((b, e) -> {
                        b.append(gumLoggerName(e.loggerName()));
                }))
                .text(" - ")
                .message()
                .textIfThrowable(" ")
                .throwable()
                .newline()
                .build();

        /**
         * Reports a logging system event at its original level.
         * @param event event to log.
         */
        static void error(LogEvent event) {
                INSTANCE.log(event);
        }

        /**
         * Logs an error in the logging system.
         * @param loggerName derived from class.
         * @param throwable error to log.
         */
        static void error(Class<?> loggerName, Throwable throwable) {
                String m = Objects.requireNonNullElse(throwable.getMessage(), "exception");
                error(loggerName, m, throwable);
        }

        /**
         * Logs an error in the logging system.
         * @param loggerName derived from class.
         * @param message error message.
         * @param throwable error to log.
         */
        static void error(Class<?> loggerName, String message, Throwable throwable) {
                var currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
                var event = LogEvent.of(Instant.now(), currentThread.getName(), currentThread.threadId(), Level.ERROR,
                                loggerName.getName(), message, KeyValues.of(), throwable);
                error(event);
        }

        private static String gumLoggerName(String value) {
                String prefix = "io.jstach.rainbowgum.";
                if (value.startsWith(prefix)) {
                        value = value.substring(prefix.length());
                }
                return value;
        }

        @Override
        public void log(LogEvent event) {
                var err = output.get();
                if (err != null) {
                        var sb = new StringBuilder();
                        formatter.format(sb, event);
                        err.append(sb);
                }
        }

}